Spawning conditions - Spawning depth

(0-120 m)


Species Primary Data Secondary Data Reference
Anguilla anguilla Spawning grounds are about 400 meters 400.0 Coad, 2005
Anguilla anguilla Around 100-200 m deep 150.0 Deelder, 1970
Anguilla anguilla Spawning probably occurs at great depths 0.0 Vollestad and Jonsson, 1986
Anguilla anguilla Releasing hormone treated mature female adults tagged with radio transmitters in the Sargasso Sea demonstrated a preference for the upper zone of the ocean at depths of 250-270 m 260.0 Vincent et al, 2005
Alosa alosa Shallow : 0.50-1.50 m 1.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Alosa alosa Near the surface 0.0 Spillmann, 1961
Alosa alosa In water less than 3 m deep 3.0 Cassou-Leins et al, 2000
Alosa alosa 0.5-1.5 m 1.0 Bengen et al, 1991
Alosa alosa In water depths of 0.5-1.5 m [Spawning involves much noisy splashing at the surface] 1.0 Maitland and Hatton-Ellis, 2000
Alosa alosa From 0.95 to 1.60 m deep 1.6 Boisneau et al, 1990
Alosa alosa Less than 2 meters 2.0 Belaud et al, 2001
Alosa alosa Shallow 0.0 Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Alosa fallax 1.5-3 2.25 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Alosa fallax In water less than 3 m deep [sometimes between 15-30 cm] 22.5 Cassou-Leins et al, 2000
Alosa fallax Deep water [Depth not precised] 0.0 Spillmann, 1961
Alosa fallax Less than 1.5 m 1.5 Doherty et al, 2004
Alosa fallax Spawniing is a noisy affair, with much splashing and chasing near the surface 0.0 Maitland and Hatton-Ellis, 2000
Alosa fallax 0.15 to 8 m 8.0 Aprahamian et al, 2001
Alosa fallax Shallow, areas of 30 cm or so in depth 30.0 Maitland and Hatton-Ellis, 2000
Alosa fallax 3-4 m water depth 3.5 Lopez et al, 2007
Alosa sapidissima Near the surface 0.0 Internet, 2005
Alosa sapidissima Shallow 0.0 Everly and Boreman, 1999
Alosa sapidissima Near the surface: 0.9-12.2; or less than 3 meters 6.55 Mills, 2004
Alosa sapidissima Shallow 0.0 Rue, 2001
Alosa sapidissima Shallow, water less than 2 m 2.0 Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3
Alosa sapidissima Range from 0.2-12 m 6.1 Bradbury et al, 1999
Alosa sapidissima A range of appropriate depths have been described between 0.45 m and 10.0 m. However in Neuse River, Amrican shad spawn almost entirely at depths of less than 2 m 0.45 Burdick and Hightower, 2005
Alosa sapidissima Eggs were found at depths of 0.6 to 7.3 m. An almost equal number of eggs/hr were collected above 3 m as below 7.3 Marcy, 1972
Aphanius iberus Shallow waters 0.0 Keith, 2001
Aphanius iberus Shallow waters 0.0 Maitland, 1977
Valencia hispanica Shallow 0.0 Keith, 2001
Valencia hispanica Shallow waters 0.0 Maitland, 1977
Barbatula barbatula Shallow waters 0.0 Losange, 1999
Barbatula barbatula Shore waters 0.0 Sauvonsaari, 1971
Cobitis taenia Shallow (0.3-0.8 m). 0.55 Vaino and Saat, 2003
Cobitis taenia Shallow 0.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Cobitis taenia Shallow 0.0 Billard, 1997
Cobitis taenia Shallow water 0.0 Bolhen and Ritterbusch, 2000
Cobitis taenia Shallow 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Cobitis taenia Shallow 0.0 Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Blicca bjoerkna Shallow water 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Blicca bjoerkna 0.5-1 m deep 0.75 Environment agency, ???
Blicca bjoerkna Shallow water areas 0.0 Vetemaa et al, 2008
Abramis brama Shallow waters : 20-80 cm 50.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Abramis brama Near the surface 0.0 Spillmann, 1961
Abramis brama Shallow waters 0.0 Internet, 2005
Abramis brama Water depth ranges between 25 and 50 cm 0.375 Poncin et al, 1996
Abramis brama In shallow waters < 30 cm 0.3 Diamond, 1985
Abramis brama 0.4-2 m 1.2 Olivier, 2001
Abramis brama Most common is 20 to 80 cm [From 9 cm to 17 m] 17.0 Backiel and Zawiska, 1968
Abramis brama Depth of spawning grounds are usually to 0.5-1.5 m. Besides shallow, shore areas, A. brama may also spawn on more deeper grounds, 1.5-5.0 m, or even on quite deep grounds , from 6 to 20 meters in depth at a pressure about 3 atm 1.0 Brylinska and Boron, 2004
Abramis brama Spawning grounds of bream in Estonia as relatively shallow places 0.0 Vetemaa et al, 2008
Abramis brama Shallow waters 0.0 Herzig and Winkler, 1986
Alburnoides bipunctatus Deep water 0.0 Billard, 1997
Alburnoides bipunctatus Shallow water 0.0 Persat, 2001
Alburnus alburnus Shallow waters 0.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Alburnus alburnus Shallow waters 0.0 Rinchard, 1996
Alburnus alburnus Shallow waters 0.0 Carrell and Olivier, 2001
Alburnus alburnus Shallow waters 0.0 Coad, 2006
Alburnus alburnus Shallow waters 0.0 Agence de l'eau,
Alburnus alburnus The roe of the bleak (Alburnus alburnus L.) was collected on evenings from artificial substrate (small branches of juniper placed in spawning areas - between coastal reeds) at the depth of 20-30 cm 25.0 Winnicki and Korzelecka, 1997
Aristichthys nobilis Near the surface 0.0 Kolar et al, 2005
Aristichthys nobilis Much to the activity is generally at the surface of the water 0.0 Jennigs, 1988
Barbus barbus Shallow waters: 15-24 cm 19.5 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Barbus barbus 30-40 cm deep 35.0 Philippart, 1987
Barbus barbus Shallow, less than 3 m 3.0 Hancock et al, 1976
Barbus barbus Shallow 0.0 Baras and Philippart, 1999
Barbus barbus Shallow: 15-24 cm 19.5 Baras , 1993
Carassius auratus Shallow waters 0.0 Internet, 2005
Carassius auratus Shallow 0.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Carassius auratus Just before spawning fish go to shallow places overgrown with aquatic plants 0.0 Sczerbowski and Szczerbowski, 1996
Carassius auratus 2-12 feet 7.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Carassius carassius Shallow areas of ponds 0.0 Laurila et al, 1987
Carassius carassius Shallow water 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Carassius carassius Shallow water 0.0 Sczerbowski and Szczerbowski, 1996
Chondrostoma nasus Shallow: about 0.20-0.50 m 0.35 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Chondrostoma nasus Near the shore 0.0 Heckeis et al, 1996
Chondrostoma nasus Shallow 0.0 Billard, 1997
Chondrostoma nasus Shallow 0.0 Nelva, 2001
Chondrostoma nasus Shallow areas: 20-30 cm 25.0 Gozlan et al, 1999
Chondrostoma nasus Mean of 39.9 cm 39.9 Kamler and Keckeis, 2000
Chondrostoma nasus 10 to 30 cm 10.0 Zbinden and Maier, 1996
Chondrostoma nasus Siginificant selection for depths in range of 0.2-0.3 m (nearly 60% of all measurements) 0.25 Keckeis, 2001
Chondrostoma nasus Spawn in shallow water (20-50 cm) 35.0 Ahnelt and Keckeis, 1994
Chondrostoma nasus Eggs are deposited on shallow depth (< 1m) 1.0 Prawochenski, 1964
Chondrostoma toxostoma Very shallow waters 0.0 Billard, 1997
Chondrostoma toxostoma Deep pools 0.0 Gozlan et al, 1999
Chondrostoma toxostoma Shallow water 0.0 Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Chondrostoma toxostoma Shallow water 0.0 Internet
Ctenopharyngodon idella Shalllow waters 0.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Ctenopharyngodon idella Shallow waters: tens of centimeters to 2 m of waters 2.0 Krykhtin and Gorbach, 1982
Cyprinus carpio Shallow areas, near surface 0.0 Internet, 2005
Cyprinus carpio Shallow areas 0.0 Lafaille and Crivelli, 2001
Cyprinus carpio Shallow 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Cyprinus carpio Shallow areas 0.0 Crivelli, 1981
Cyprinus carpio The spawning act occurs in shoreline areas (water < 1 m deep) 1.0 Smith, 2004
Cyprinus carpio To 20 Ft, but usually less than 3 feet, and often 3 inches-1 feet 20.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Cyprinus carpio Many an early morning, the bass fisherman, casting into weedy shallows, has been startled by the sudden arrival of one or more groups of spawning carp 0.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Gobio gobio 5 to 8 cm deep and 40-50 cm deep 45.0 Kennedy and Fitzmaurice, 1972
Gobio gobio Shallow waters 0.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Near the bottom of river 0.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Deep water 0.0 Billard, 1997
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Shallow waters: tens of centimeters to 2 m of waters 2.0 Krykhtin and Gorbach, 1982
Leuciscus cephalus Shallow waters: 0.1-0.3 m BUT one population spawned at depth up to 1.28 m 0.2 Arlinghaus and Wolter, 2003
Leuciscus cephalus The water depth varied between 0.1-10 5.05 Fredrich et al, 2003
Leuciscus idus Shallow waters 0.0 Billard, 1997
Leuciscus idus Shallow waters 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Leuciscus leuciscus Shallow waters 0.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Leuciscus leuciscus Shallow waters 0.0 Persat, 2001
Leuciscus leuciscus Shallow waters 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Leuciscus leuciscus The eggs were, however, widely and adundantly distributed in the riffle in depths of 25 to 40 cm from just above the pool 25.0 Kennedy, 1969
Phoxinus phoxinus Shallow waters 0.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Phoxinus phoxinus Shallow waters 0.0 Spillmann, 1961
Phoxinus phoxinus Shallow waters 0.0 Billard, 1997
Phoxinus phoxinus Shallow water (a few cm deep) 0.0 Papadopol and Weinberger, 1975
Phoxinus phoxinus The minnows, which were in great numbers were in gravelly, fairly swiftly flowing shallows at the side of the stream 0.0 Frost, 1943
Pimephales promelas Under 1 m 1.0 DeWitt, 1993
Pimephales promelas 0.6-0.9 m deep 0.75 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Pimephales promelas 3-18 inches 10.5 Goodyear et al. et al, 1982
Pseudorasbora parva Shallow 0.0 Coad, 2005
Pseudorasbora parva Shallow 0.0 Makeyeva and Mokamed, 1982
Pseudorasbora parva Takes place in the littoral 0.0 Witkowski, 2006
Pseudorasbora parva Shallow parts of ponds and rivers 0.0 Katano and Maekawa, 1997
Rutilus rutilus Near the surface 0.0 Diamond, 1985
Rutilus rutilus Near the surface of the water 0.0 Gillet and Quétin, 2006
Rutilus rutilus In relatively shallow waters 0.0 Kortet et al, 2004b
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Shallow waters : 0.1 to 1 m 1.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Shallow waters 0.0 Lafaille et al, 2001
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Shallow waters 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Scardinius erythrophthalmus 0.1-0.9 m deep 0.5 Environment agency, ???
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Move inshore 0.0 Hicks, ???
Tinca tinca Shallow : 0.5-0.8 m 0.65 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Tinca tinca Shallow 0.0 Feunteun et al, 2001
Tinca tinca At depth of 0.5-3 m 1.75 Linhart and Billard, 1995
Tinca tinca Shallow water 0.0 Environment agency, ???
Vimba vimba Shallow 0.0 Maitland, 1977
Vimba vimba Shallow gravelled segments of the riverbed there 0.0 Kesminas et al, 1999
Esox masquinongy Water deeper than 1 m 1.0 Farrell et al, 1996
Esox masquinongy Areas 37-50 deep up to over 3 m 43.5 Dombeck et al, 1984
Esox masquinongy 30-50 cm [15-20 inches deep] 40.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Esox masquinongy Water 38-51 cm in depth [Sometimes up to 3 meters deep] 44.5 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Esox masquinongy 6 inches 15 feet, usually less than 3 feet 6.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Esox masquinongy Shallow water, often just six to 12 inches deep 12.0 Pennslylvania fishes, 2006
Esox masquinongy Shallow water (less than 1 m deep) 1.0 Miller and Menzel, 1986
Esox masquinongy Occurs in shallow water (less than 1 m deep) 1.0 Rust et al, 2002
Esox masquinongy Shallow 0.0 Clemmons and Newman, 1997
Esox niger Shallow water (1 to 3 m) 3.0 Coffie, 1998
Esox niger 1 to 3 m deep [3-10 feet deep] 6.5 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Esox niger At depth of 3 to 10 feet 3.0 Wynne, 2006
Esox lucius Shallow (0.2-1 m), that quickly warm 0.6 Souchon, 1983
Esox lucius Areas less than 1 m deep 1.0 Farrell et al, 1996
Esox lucius 0.10-0.75 0.42 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Esox lucius Prefer to spawn in 50 cm of water or less, and most spawn in 25 cm with a minimum of 5 to 7 cm 50.0 Toner and Lawler, 1969
Esox lucius Near the surface 0.0 Franklin and Smith, 1963
Esox lucius Shallow waters, maximum 50 cm 50.0 Billard, 1996
Esox lucius Shallow waters 0.0 Billard, 1997
Esox lucius 0.3-1 0.65 Le Louarn and Feunteun, 2001
Esox lucius 0.3-0.8 m 0.55 Lucas, 1992
Esox lucius Are usually no deeper than 178 mm but can be up to 450 mm deep 178.0 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Esox lucius Generally 5-60 cm [also in Shallow vegetated area <4 m deep] 32.5 Bradbury et al, 1999
Esox lucius To 24 feet, but usually less than 6 feet and often less than 2 feet 24.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Esox lucius Shallow water 0.0 Engström-öst and Lehtiniemi, 2004
Esox lucius Shallow waters (depth < 1 m) 1.0 Vehniäinen et al, 2007
Esox lucius These reed belts extend from supra-littoral zone to a depth of usually 1-1.5 m 1.25 Lappalainen et al, 2008
Lota lota Sometimes quite deep in lakes 0.0 Spillmann, 1961
Lota lota Shallow water: 2-3 deep 2.5 Van Houdt, 2003
Lota lota 0.5-1.5 [2-3 m in lakes] 2.5 Persat, 2001
Lota lota Usually at 0.3-1.20 m (1-4 feet) of water, but circumstantial evidence that burbit spawn in deep water 0.75 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Lota lota In lakes, spawning occurs in areas with little accumulation of silt or detritus, usually at depths of 0.3-3.0 m, but has been reported at depths of 18-20 m 1.65 Bradbury et al, 1999
Lota lota The spawning act was accomplished near the surface 0.0 Hewson, 1955
Lota lota Shallow lakes with well oxygenated water are selected by burbot for spawning 0.0 Kujawa et al, 2002
Lota lota 1-480 feet, bh deepwater and shallow-water are reported 240.5 Goodyear et al. et al, 1982
Gasterosteus aculeatus Shallow waters : 5-20 cm 12.5 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Gasterosteus aculeatus Shallow 0.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Gasterosteus aculeatus < 50 cm 50.0 Poulin and Fitzgerald, 1989
Gasterosteus aculeatus Generally nest in water less than 30 cm deep 30.0 Fitzgerald, 1983
Gasterosteus aculeatus Males generally avoid nesting in water shallower than 0.2 m and have been observed nesting at depths of up to 40 m 0.2 Bradbury et al, 1999
Gasterosteus aculeatus About 10 inches, but as shallow as 1-2 inches 1.5 Goodyear, 1982
Pungitius pungitius Generally nest in water less than 30 cm deep 30.0 Fitzgerald, 1983
Pungitius pungitius Shallow areas, yet spawning has been observed at depths of 5-40 m in some areas 22.5 Bradbury et al, 1999
Pungitius pungitius To 144 feet, but usually less than 60 feet; usually nests 1-8 inches above substrates 4.5 Goodyear, 1982
Ambloplites rupestris Shallow waters: mean water depth of nests was 77.4 cm. While nests ranged from 45 to 138 cm depth, the majority of males (64%) nested between 50 and 69 cm 77.4 Gross and Nowell, 1980
Ambloplites rupestris 50-75 cm in depth 62.5 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Ambloplites rupestris To 20 feet, usually less than 6 feet 20.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Ambloplites rupestris Mean water depth over nest is 60.33 ± 0.92 cm 60.33 Noltie and Keenleyside, 1987
Lepomis gibbosus Large nests are built in deeper water, and small ones in periphery 0.0 Internet, 2005
Lepomis gibbosus Shallow waters 0.0 Carrel et al, 2001
Lepomis gibbosus 15.2-30.5 cm 22.85 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Lepomis gibbosus Very shallow waters 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Lepomis gibbosus Shallow waters: 20.3-40.6 cm or 15.2-30.5 cm or 15.2-45.7 30.45 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Lepomis gibbosus Nest were located at between 40 to 45 cm deep 40.0 Shao, 1997
Lepomis gibbosus 3 inches to 7 feet 3.0 Goodyear, 1982
Micropterus dolomieui Shallow water 0.0 Internet, 2005
Micropterus dolomieui Shallow waters 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Micropterus dolomieui Spawns in 61-610 cm of water 335.5 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Micropterus dolomieui 22-128 cm 75.0 Iguchi et al, 2004
Micropterus dolomieui Average water depth at the nest was 104 cm 104.0 McNeill, 1995
Micropterus dolomieui At wa water depth of 0.6-1.2 0.9 Turner and MacCrimmon, 1970
Micropterus dolomieui To 20 ft, usually less than 6 ft 20.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Micropterus dolomieui At depths of 0.4 to 2.0 m 2.0 Knotek and Orth, 1998
Micropterus salmoides Mainly in water deep 0.33 to 1.3 meter (up to 5.5 m) 1.3 Heidinger, 1976
Micropterus salmoides Nest are constructed mainly in shallow waters (45-80cm) 62.5 Spillmann, 1961
Micropterus salmoides Range from 30 cm to 8 m but mainly in less than one meter 8.0 Newburg, 1975
Micropterus salmoides Shallow inshore waters 0.0 Internet, 2005
Micropterus salmoides Shallow : 0.3-1.3 m 0.8 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Micropterus salmoides Shallow waters 0.0 Carrel and Schlumberger, 2001
Micropterus salmoides Shallow waters 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Micropterus salmoides Usually 30.5-122 cm deep 76.25 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Micropterus salmoides 0.33-1.33 deep 0.83 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Micropterus salmoides To 15 ft, usually less than 6 ft 15.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Dicentrarchus labrax Mostly at depth < 10 m, yet spawners ready to spawn were found at 40-50 m deep 45.0 Barnabé, 1980
Morone americana Shallow: 0-3.7 m 1.85 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Morone americana Spawning is in water less than 7 m deep, 0.9-6.1 m in estuaries, and 0 to 1.5 m in lakes 3.5 Stanley and Danie, 1983
Morone americana In less than 6 meters of water 6.0 Rue, 2001
Morone chrysops 0.6-2 m 1.3 Internet, 2005
Morone chrysops Shallow waters 0.0 Kohler, 1997
Morone chrysops Adults typically spawn near the surface, and eggs are fertilized as they sink to the bottom 0.0 Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3
Morone chrysops To 36 feet 36.0 Goodyear, 1982
Morone saxatilis Release gametes at the water surface 0.0 Sullivan et al, 1997
Morone saxatilis Spawn near the surface 0.0 Burdick and Hightower, 2005
Gymnocephalus cernua Shallow water with aquatic macrophytes 0.0 Craig, 2000
Gymnocephalus cernua Shallow water 0.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Gymnocephalus cernua Often moves from deep to shallow areas to spawn 0.0 Crosier et al, 2005
Gymnocephalus cernua Shallow waters, usually less than 3 meters 3.0 Ogle, 1998
Gymnocephalus cernua Most spawning occurs at a depth of less than 1 m 1.0 Leino and McCormick, 1997
Gymnocephalus cernua Shallow water 0.0 Environment agency, ???
Gymnocephalus cernua Shallow waters 0.0 Maitland, 1977
Perca flavescens Shallow 0.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Perca flavescens Shallow : 60-90 cm deep 75.0 Mansueti, 1964
Perca flavescens 0.5-8 4.25 Craig, 2000
Perca flavescens In lakes, spawning occrus at water depth from 0.5-3 m altough depths of up to 8 m have been reported in large lakes and reservoirs 1.75 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Perca fluviatilis Spawn mostly at 0.5-3 m in natural lakes, but may also spawn at depths to 8 m in large lakes and reservoirs 1.75 Thorpe, 1977
Perca fluviatilis Shallow waters: 0.6-1.50 1.05 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Perca fluviatilis Shallow waters: normally 0.5-8 m 4.25 Craig, 2000
Perca fluviatilis Usually less than 12 m [But the deepest was 26 m] 12.0 Dalimier et al, 1982
Perca fluviatilis 0.5-1 m deep 0.75 Treasurer, 1983
Perca fluviatilis Mean depth of 22.6 cm 22.6 Smith et al, 2001
Perca fluviatilis Up to 12 m 12.0 Dubois, 2001
Perca fluviatilis At the beginning of the spawning period, perch preferentially laid their eggs at a depth of 4 m in lake Geneva, while at the end of the spawning period, a depth of 12 m was preferred by the spawners 4.0 Gillet et al, 1995
Perca fluviatilis Spawn in shallow water (usually <3m), althoug egg-masses are know to deposit at depths of 4 to 14 m in some deeper lakes 14.0 Urho, 1996
Perca fluviatilis Different water depths 0.0 Mansour et al, 2008
Sander lucioperca Most at 1-3 m, but sometimes at 8 m 2.0 Lappaleinen et al, 2003
Sander lucioperca Shallow waters : 2-2.5 m 2.25 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Sander lucioperca 0.5-1.0 but in lakes 0.5-17 0.75 Craig, 2000
Sander lucioperca Quite deep 0.0 Spillmann, 1961
Sander lucioperca Quite deep water 0.0 Billard, 1997
Sander lucioperca 0.5-1.0 m [But in still waters up to 11-17 m ] 0.75 Deeler and Willemsen, 1964
Sander lucioperca 1.10, up to 6 m 6.0 Laurent et al, 1973
Sander lucioperca The depths of spawning grounds range between 0.7-2.5 m or 1-3 m 1.6 Lehtonen et al, 1996
Sander lucioperca Spawns in depth from 1 to 5-6 m in rivers and up to 17 m in lakes 5.5 Schlumberger and Proteau, 1996
Sander lucioperca Shallow waters 0.0 Dubois et al, 1996
Sander lucioperca Depth range of 3 to 12 m 12.0 Dubois et al, 1996
Sander vitreus Shallow waters: from a few centimeters to several meters, as shallow as 10.1 cm to 4.57 m 4.57 Colby et al, 1979
Sander vitreus Shallow waters 0.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Sander vitreus Spawn at depth of 4 cm to 3 m 3.0 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Coregonus lavaretus 0.5-2 m deep 1.25 Skurdal et al, 1985
Coregonus lavaretus 0.3-1 up to 1.5 [Less than 10 m, except in very big and deep lakes] 0.65 Zuromska, 1982
Coregonus lavaretus 0.5-10 5.25 Salojarvi, 1982
Coregonus lavaretus Summer spawning takes place in deeper water than winter spawning 0.0 Coad, 2006
Coregonus lavaretus Less than 7.6 m 7.6 Bagenal, 1970
Coregonus lavaretus Seem to be 7 m 7.0 Mack and Billard, 1984
Coregonus albula 1.5-10 [Does not excced 10, except some very deep and big lakes] 5.75 Zuromska, 1982
Coregonus albula 0.2-0.3 m or more 0.25 Maitland, 1977
Coregonus clupeaformis Shallow waters at depth of less than 7.6 m 7.6 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawn at depths between 1.8-18.3 m [Either at 9 m , 6-14 m deep, or 7.6 m ] 10.05 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Coregonus clupeaformis Several inches-100 feet, but usually less than 30 feet; often spawn in shallower portions of same reefs used by lake trout 100.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Coregonus clupeaformis Shallow water at depth of less than 7.6 m 7.6 Anonymous, 2006 Chapter 3
Coregonus clupeaformis Spawning in small lakes occurs most frequently at depths <5m, while it may occur uo to 30 m in larger lakes 30.0 Bradbury et al, 1999
Coregonus clupeaformis Usually 2-4 m deep, or less than 5 m 3.0 Mack and Billard, 1984
Hucho hucho 0.30-1.20 0.75 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Hucho hucho 0.3-1.2 m 0.75 Jatteau, 1991
Hucho hucho 0.3-1.5 0.9 Fishbase, 2006
Hucho hucho Often chooses for spawning the stream section with a depth from 0.4-0.6 m 0.5 Witkowski, 1988
Hucho hucho 60-100 cm 80.0 Witokowski and Kokurewicz, 1981
Hucho hucho 30-60 cm 45.0 Prawochensky and Kolder, 1968
Hucho hucho Average depth of one meter 0.0 Jungwirth, 1978
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Usually 30 to 100 cm in depth [In dry years, spawning can occur at 10-15 cm] 12.5 Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Spawn at depths of 0.5 and 2.0 m, but in the greater part of the spawning grounds depths of 0.7 to 1.0 predominate 2.0 Golobanov, 1982
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha About 30.5-61 cm 45.75 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha 6 inches - 2 feet 6.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha 0.2-0.5 m 0.35 Bradbury et al, 1999
Oncorhynchus keta Average depth of nests ranges from 21.5 to 42.5 21.5 Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus keta Eggs are deposited mainly at 20-30 cm deep 25.0 Leman, 1993
Oncorhynchus keta About 3 m 3.0 Fishbase, 2006
Oncorhynchus keta 0.3-2.0 1.15 Volobuev and Volobuev, 2000
Oncorhynchus keta The average water depth over chum salmon redds in Oregon streams was 30 cm, whilein Washington streams it ranged from 23 to 46 cm 30.0 Pauley, 1988
Oncorhynchus keta About 20 to 110 cm 20.0 Bakkala, 1970
Oncorhynchus kisutch Range from 10 to 45 cm 10.0 Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus kisutch Shallow 0.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Oncorhynchus kisutch 0.05-0.66 m [Prefers shallower streams than O. tshawytscha] 0.36 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Oncorhynchus kisutch Minimum depth reported as 6 in ches, and also as shallow as 2 inches 6.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Oncorhynchus mykiss Between 10 and 150 cm 10.0 Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus mykiss 0.-1.5 m 0.75 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Oncorhynchus mykiss Almost exclusively on shallow, gravel bottomed streams, <1.5 m 1.5 Bradbury et al, 1999
Oncorhynchus nerka 1-30 feet 15.5 Goodyear et al, 1982
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Several meters depth, but also only a few centimetres of water 0.0 Groot, 1996
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Shallow riffle areas 0.0 Internet, 2005
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Spawning sites ate located where water becomes shallow, at the top of a slope of a riffle [About 50-70], bit do not spawn in shallow areas with depths less than 10-15 cm 60.0 Vronskii and Leman, 1991
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha They tend to spawn on deeper waters than other salmons 0.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 0.5-4 m 2.25 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 1-6 feet 3.5 Goodyear et al, 1982
Salmo salar Shallow, about 30 cm 30.0 Groot, 1996
Salmo salar About 20-30 cm 25.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salmo salar About 10-30 cm deep 20.0 Fishbase, 2006
Salmo salar 0.15-0.91 m and 0.30-0.45 m given as "optimum" 0.53 Crisp, 1996
Salmo salar 0.5-1 0.75 Bensettiti and Gaudillat, 2002
Salmo salar To 4 feet 4.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Salmo salar 20-55 cm 37.5 Louhi et al, 2008
Salmo trutta fario 20-40 cm 30.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salmo trutta fario 15-90 cm [Optimal depths are from 24-46 cm with the preferred depth arounf 31-32] 52.5 Groot, 1996
Salmo trutta fario Shallow 0.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Salmo trutta fario 0.15-0.91 m and 0.30-0.45 m given as "optimum" 0.53 Crisp, 1996
Salmo trutta fario Mean depth of 28 cm, min 10 cm and max 54 cm 28.0 Plasseraud et al, 1990
Salmo trutta fario Water depths at the spawning grounds were similar 20-30 cm 25.0 Jonsson and Jonsson, 2006
Salmo trutta fario To 4 feet 4.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Salmo trutta fario 15-45 cm 30.0 Louhi et al, 2008
Salvelinus alpinus Either swallow waters or at depth of 120 m 120.0 Guillard et al, 1992
Salvelinus alpinus Most spawning sites are located at 50-120 m in the Léman Lake and char don't seem to to use areas in more shallow waters 85.0 Rubin and Buttiker, 1992
Salvelinus alpinus 3-6 [up to 100 in european lakes] 4.5 Groot, 1996
Salvelinus alpinus Depends from 60-80 m in deep lakes to shallow waters 1-3 70.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salvelinus alpinus Sometimes up to 40-120 m 80.0 Gerdeaux, 2001
Salvelinus alpinus Average depth is 1 m, and 2.5-3.5 m 3.0 Pavlov et al, 1994
Salvelinus alpinus 1.0-4.5 m 2.75 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Salvelinus alpinus Depending on the site, water depths may vary from one to 11 m, and as deep as 100 m 11.0 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Salvelinus alpinus In streams, spawning usually occurs at depths of 1.5-2 m with is sufficient to keep the eggs safe from winter ice, but has been reported at depths ranging from 1-11 m. Lake-spawning normally occurs adjacent to inlet streams at depths of 0.5-1.5 m, but has been observed at depths ranging from 2-6 m. [Depths ranging from 0.3 to 120 m] 1.75 Bradbury et al, 1999
Salvelinus alpinus 1-2 m deep 1.5 Beddow et al, 1998
Salvelinus alpinus Normal charr males occupied the upper 15 m of the depth gradient in the spawning area from about 3 wk before spawning started until the end of the spawning period. 15.0 Jonsson and Hindar, 1982
Salvelinus alpinus Spawning in the lake occurs at a depth between 60 to 80 m 80.0 Gillet, 1991
Salvelinus alpinus In Tyrolean lake, the spawning sites ate situated at depths around 5 m 5.0 Gruber and Wieser, 1983
Salvelinus fontinalis Shallow waters, mostly below 1 m but range between 0.60-2.60 m 1.6 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Salvelinus fontinalis Shallow 0.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Salvelinus fontinalis 20-55 cm deep 37.5 Snucins et al, 1992
Salvelinus fontinalis The depth of the water is mostly 50-75 cm, but can fluctuate up to 15 cm during the spawning season, and as much as 30 cm at other times of the season 62.5 Fraser, 1985
Salvelinus fontinalis In lakes, spawning has been observed at depths ranging from 0.1-8.0, but occurs most commonly at depth < 2 m 4.05 Bradbury et al, 1999
Salvelinus fontinalis Spawning sites are generally located near shore in water anywhere between 1.0 m or less and 2.4 m deep 1.0 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Salvelinus fontinalis Redds were located in the shallow littoral zone (1994, 1± 0.4 m; 1995, 1.6 ± 0.5 m) and near shore 1.0 Blanchfield and Ridgway, 1997
Salvelinus fontinalis Most redds were found in water approximatively 1 m deep 1.0 Ridgway and Blanchfiled, 1998
Salvelinus fontinalis 10 inches to 5 feet in streams, to more than 8 feets in lakes 10.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Salvelinus namaycush Depth of less than 12.2, and sometimes as shallow as 30 cm 12.2 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Salvelinus namaycush Deep water (40-60 m ) over beds of macrophytes [Only one report] 50.0 Beauchamp et al, 1992
Salvelinus namaycush Lake trout spawn at a great variety of depths, less than 36.6 m [Most inland lake spawning shoals are less than six meters deep, also observed between 15 cm to 3.7 m deep] Some population choose to spawn over deep-water mounds (40-60 m) covered with beds of Clara delicauta 50.0 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Salvelinus namaycush Spawn over a variety of depths rangin from 0.5-55m, or greater than 100 m. In larger lakes, psanwing typically occurs at depths between 5 and 10 m, while in smaller lakes spawning has been reported to occur at depths between 0.1-5 m 2.55 Bradbury et al, 1999
Salvelinus namaycush Few inches - 600 feet, depending on race of Lake trout; planted varieties usually at depths less than 30 feet 600.0 Goodyear et al, 1982
Stenodus leucichthys Shallow 0.0 Belyaeva, 2005
Stenodus leucichthys Near the surface 0.0 Fishbase, 2006
Stenodus leucichthys Depth 2-3 m 2.5 Chereshnev et al, 2000
Thymallus thymallus Shallow : 20 to 50 cm 20.0 Bruslé and Quignard, 2001
Thymallus thymallus Water depth 30-40 cm [Sometimes up to 88 cm] 35.0 Poncin, 1996
Thymallus thymallus About 20-30 cm 25.0 Persat, 2001
Thymallus thymallus Strong selection of depths between 10 and 40 cm, no spawning sites were found at depths of less than 10 cm or more than 60 cm, although these depths were available 10.0 Sempeski and Gaudin, 1995
Thymallus thymallus Depth < 40 cm were clearly avoided, prefereed 30-40 cm, nests were found at 38-106 cm deep 35.0 Nykänen and Huusko, 2002
Thymallus thymallus Seems to prefer water with water depth of 60-80 cm 70.0 Nykänen et al, 2004
Thymallus thymallus 0.55-1.15 m 0.85 Meyer, 2001
Thymallus thymallus Shallow 0.0 Northcote, 1995
Thymallus thymallus 0.2-0.65 0.43 Crisp, 1996
Thymallus thymallus In the net catches from different depths (0.2-10.0 m), most fish with flowing sex products were caught from depth of 0.2-1.5 m, between 1600 and 2400 h 5.1 Zaytsev, 1987
Thymallus thymallus Most spawing occurred in 20-55 cm water depth 37.5 Darchambeau and Poncin, 1997
Thymallus thymallus Dans une eau très peu profonde. Sur 20 unions observées en rivières, 17 eurent lieu alors qu'on voyait le dos des poissons 20.0 Vivier, 1958
Thymallus arcticus 10-40 cm 25.0 Northcote, 1995
Thymallus arcticus 10-40 cm 25.0 Northcote, 1993
Thymallus arcticus The depth was about 3 feet 3.0 Bishop, 1971
Cottus gobio From 5 cm in riffles, to about 60 cm in pools, mostly less than 30 cm 5.0 Marconato and Bisazza, 1988
Cottus gobio The water depths were <40 cm at the end of the low flow period 40.0 Abdoli et al, 2005
Ameiurus nebulosus As shallow as 15.2 cm but as deep as about 1 m 1.0 Scott and Crossman, 1973
Ameiurus nebulosus 152 mm or more, as deep as 0.6-1.2 m 0.9 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Ameiurus nebulosus 3 inches - 5 feet 3.0 Goodyear et al. et al, 1982
Ictalurus punctatus In shallow waters; 2-4 m deep 3.0 Kerr and Grant, 1999
Ictalurus punctatus To 42 feet, usually less than 12 feet 42.0 Goodyear et al. et al, 1982
Silurus glanis Shallow waters 0.0 Maitland, 1977
Osmerus eperlanus Greatly varies, from several centimetres to several metres, up to 17 m in some lakes 17.0 Belyanina, 1969
Osmerus eperlanus Depths of the spawning grounds range from 0.4 to 3.7 m in individual lakes. 1-2 m in rivers 1.5 Ivanova and Polovka, 1972
Osmerus eperlanus Water depths at low tide of 0.1 to 1.3 m 1.3 Buckley, 1989
Osmerus eperlanus Varies from shallow water to deep water 0.0 Maitland, 2003