Bruslé and Quignard, 2001


Citation

Bruslé, J. and Quignard, J.P. (2001) Biologie des poissons d'eau douce européens., pp.

Associated characteristics

Species Development state Trait Primary Data Secondary Data
Anguilla anguilla Egg Oocyte diameter Average diameter: 1.15 1.15 mm
Anguilla anguilla Egg Egg size after water-hardening About 2 mm after fertilization 2.0 mm
Anguilla anguilla Larvae Initial larval size 2.9 2.9 mm
Anguilla anguilla Larvae Larvae behaviour Pelagic Pelagic
Anguilla anguilla Female Age at sexual maturity 3-12 [Female] 7.5 year
Anguilla anguilla Female Length at sexual maturity 45-50 [Female] 47.5 cm
Anguilla anguilla Female Relative fecundity 700-2600 up to 3000 1650.0 thousand eggs/kg
Anguilla anguilla Female Maximum GSI value Up to 32 to 60% in artificial conditions ! 32.0 percent
Anguilla anguilla Male Age at sexual maturity 2.5-5 [Male] 3.75 years
Anguilla anguilla Male Length at sexual maturity 30-45 [Male] 37.5 cm
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance 6000-8000 km 7000.0 km
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning migration period In France in fall: October to December ['October', 'November', 'December']
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Reproduction from February to April or March to July No data
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 16-17 16.5 °C
Anguilla anguilla Spawning conditions Spawning water type Sargasso Sea [Larvae hatch in region with low current] Flowing or turbulent water
Alosa alosa Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2 1.75 mm
Alosa alosa Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.5-2 [Sometimes up to 4.4 ?] 1.75 mm
Alosa alosa Egg Egg Buoyancy Pelagic and could derive during several kms but then sinks to the bottom Pelagic
Alosa alosa Egg Egg adhesiveness No Non-Adhesive
Alosa alosa Egg Incubation time About 4 [At 18-20°C] 19.0 days
Alosa alosa Egg Temperature for incubation 18-20 [The hatching is only possible above 18°C] 19.0 °C
Alosa alosa Egg Degree-days for incubation 67-125 96.0 °C * day
Alosa alosa Larvae Initial larval size 7-12 9.5 mm
Alosa alosa Larvae Larvae behaviour Remains in the gravel Demersal
Alosa alosa Larvae Reaction to light Photophobic Photophobic
Alosa alosa Larvae Temperature during larval development 18-20 19.0 °C
Alosa alosa Female Age at sexual maturity 4-6 5.0 year
Alosa alosa Female Length at sexual maturity 36-60 48.0 cm
Alosa alosa Female Weight at sexual maturity 1.845 1.84 kg
Alosa alosa Female Relative fecundity 100-240 [98-110 in Gironde, France] 170.0 thousand eggs/kg
Alosa alosa Female Maximum GSI value 16-27% [Not precised] 21.5 percent
Alosa alosa Male Age at sexual maturity 3-5 4.0 years
Alosa alosa Male Length at sexual maturity 32-56 44.0 cm
Alosa alosa Male Weight at sexual maturity 0.985 0.98 kg
Alosa alosa Male Maximum GSI value 7.5-10% [Not precised] 8.75 percent
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Up to 700 km 700.0 km
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning migration period March to June-July [Water temperature of 10-11°C] ['March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning season May to July ['May', 'June', 'July']
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Several months No data
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning water type Quite rapid current Flowing or turbulent water
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow : 0.50-1.50 m 1.0 m
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels to coarse pebbles Lithophils
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night : during 1 and 5 a.m. Night
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Mating system One female followed by 5-6 males Polyandry
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Spawning release 5 to 7 batches during a spawning season Multiple
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Parity Semelparous, most fish die after psawning [10-11% of male and 19% of female survive in the Dordogne, France] Semelparous
Alosa alosa Spawning conditions Parental care None No care
Alosa fallax Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.8-2.4 2.1 mm
Alosa fallax Egg Egg Buoyancy Pelagic and could derive but then sink to the bottom Pelagic
Alosa fallax Egg Egg adhesiveness No Non-Adhesive
Alosa fallax Egg Degree-days for incubation 70-78 74.0 °C * day
Alosa fallax Larvae Initial larval size 4.25-6 5.12 mm
Alosa fallax Female Age at sexual maturity 3-5 4.0 year
Alosa fallax Female Relative fecundity 100-117 108.5 thousand eggs/kg
Alosa fallax Male Age at sexual maturity 2-3 2.5 years
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Depend but could be short, i.e. 60 km 60.0 km
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Homing Presence of homing, more pronounced than that of Alosa alosa Present
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning season June-July ['June', 'July']
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 18-22 20.0 °C
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning water type Turbide water No category
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning depth 1.5-3 2.25 m
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Gravels and pebbles [sometimes sand] Lithophils
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Night : between midnight and 2 a.m. Night
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Spawning release Several batches during a spawning season Multiple
Alosa fallax Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous, most survive after spawning [84% of male and 77-97% of female in Gironde, France], up to 3-4 tiesin a lifespan Iteroparous
Barbatula barbatula Egg Oocyte diameter 0.9-1.4 1.15 mm
Barbatula barbatula Egg Incubation time 14-16 [At 12-16°C] 15.0 days
Barbatula barbatula Egg Temperature for incubation 12-16 14.0 °C
Barbatula barbatula Egg Degree-days for incubation About 200 200.0 °C * day
Barbatula barbatula Larvae Initial larval size 3-4 3.5 mm
Barbatula barbatula Female Age at sexual maturity 1-2 1.5 year
Barbatula barbatula Female Relative fecundity 0.216-0.833 0.52 thousand eggs/kg
Barbatula barbatula Female Absolute fecundity 1.7-27 14.35 thousand eggs
Barbatula barbatula Male Age at sexual maturity 1 1.0 years
Barbatula barbatula Male Male sexual dimorphism The second ray is enlarged and longer and sharp tubercules on second and sixth rays of pectoral fin Absent
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning season April until June and sometimes July ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Psmanophile: gravels or roots of aquatic plants Lithophils
Barbatula barbatula Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Cobitis taenia Egg Oocyte diameter 1.1-1.5 1.3 mm
Cobitis taenia Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Cobitis taenia Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs are stuck to the stones Adhesive
Cobitis taenia Egg Incubation time 2-3 [22-25°C] 2.5 days
Cobitis taenia Egg Temperature for incubation 22-25 23.5 °C
Cobitis taenia Egg Degree-days for incubation 45-68 56.5 °C * day
Cobitis taenia Larvae Initial larval size 3-4 3.5 mm
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning season April until June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow No data
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Stones Lithophils
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Cobitis taenia Spawning conditions Parental care Male guard eggs until hatching Male parental care
Blicca bjoerkna Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Blicca bjoerkna Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Blicca bjoerkna Egg Egg adhesiveness Stick to plants Adhesive
Blicca bjoerkna Larvae Initial larval size 5 5.0 mm
Blicca bjoerkna Female Absolute fecundity 100-200 150.0 thousand eggs
Blicca bjoerkna Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June-July ['May', 'June', 'July']
Blicca bjoerkna Spawning conditions Spawning release Multiple, fractional spawner Multiple
Abramis brama Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Abramis brama Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Abramis brama Egg Egg adhesiveness Eggs stick to plants Adhesive
Abramis brama Egg Incubation time 3-12 [9 at 20°C, 10 at 18°C] 7.5 days
Abramis brama Egg Temperature for incubation 18-20 19.0 °C
Abramis brama Egg Degree-days for incubation 180.0 180.0 °C * day
Abramis brama Larvae Initial larval size 4.8 4.8 mm
Abramis brama Larvae Larvae behaviour Remain fixed to plants until the full resorption of yolk sac Demersal
Abramis brama Female Age at sexual maturity 3-4 [Southern Europe], 5-7 [Nothern Europe] 3.5 year
Abramis brama Female Length at sexual maturity 18-24 [Sex not precised] 21.0 cm
Abramis brama Female Relative fecundity 30-40 35.0 thousand eggs/kg
Abramis brama Female Absolute fecundity 300 [For a female of 70 cm] 300.0 thousand eggs
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning water type In border of river [current about 30 cm/s] Flowing or turbulent water
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters : 20-80 cm 50.0 m
Abramis brama Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Aquatic plants : phytophil or phyto-lithophyl Phytophils
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Oocyte diameter 2 2.0 mm
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Alburnoides bipunctatus Egg Degree-days for incubation 80-100 90.0 °C * day
Alburnoides bipunctatus Larvae Initial larval size 6.5-7 6.75 mm
Alburnoides bipunctatus Female Absolute fecundity 1-2 1.5 thousand eggs
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning season End April-End July ['April', 'July']
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 15 15.0 weeks
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Above 12°C 12.0 °C
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil: gravel and pebbles and possibly sand Lithophils
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Alburnoides bipunctatus Spawning conditions Spawning release Multiple spawner : eggs are released in several times Multiple
Alburnus alburnus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5 1.5 mm
Alburnus alburnus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Alburnus alburnus Egg Incubation time 14-21 17.5 days
Alburnus alburnus Larvae Initial larval size 4-5.5 4.75 mm
Alburnus alburnus Female Age at sexual maturity 2 [Sex not precised] 2.0 year
Alburnus alburnus Female Absolute fecundity 5-7 6.0 thousand eggs
Alburnus alburnus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules on the back Present
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-June ['April', 'June']
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 15 15.0 °C
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phytolithophil : sand, gravel and submerged aquatic plants Lithophils
Alburnus alburnus Spawning conditions Spawning release Multiple : 3 spawns during the spawning season Multiple
Aspius aspius Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Aspius aspius Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Aspius aspius Egg Incubation time 10-15 at 12-16°C 12.5 days
Aspius aspius Egg Temperature for incubation 12-16 14.0 °C
Aspius aspius Egg Degree-days for incubation 160-180 [10-15 at 12-16°C] 170.0 °C * day
Aspius aspius Larvae Initial larval size 4-6 5.0 mm
Aspius aspius Female Age at sexual maturity 4-5 [Danube] 4.5 year
Aspius aspius Female Relative fecundity 63-67 65.0 thousand eggs/kg
Aspius aspius Female Absolute fecundity 80-100 90.0 thousand eggs
Aspius aspius Male Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 years
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Anadromous migrations, short No data
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May and beginning June ['April', 'May', 'June']
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Short No data
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Start with 4-6°C 5.0 °C
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning water type After riffles No category
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : stones and gravels Lithophils
Aspius aspius Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are released synchronously No category
Barbus barbus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2.3 1.9 mm
Barbus barbus Egg Egg Buoyancy Demersal Demersal
Barbus barbus Egg Egg adhesiveness Stick to the ground Adhesive
Barbus barbus Egg Incubation time 7-21 according to temperature 14.0 days
Barbus barbus Egg Temperature for incubation A temperature below 13.3 is considered lethal 13.3 °C
Barbus barbus Larvae Reaction to light Post-emerging fry are photophobic Photophobic
Barbus barbus Female Age at sexual maturity 7-8 7.5 year
Barbus barbus Female Length at sexual maturity 35 35.0 cm
Barbus barbus Female Absolute fecundity 30-50 40.0 thousand eggs
Barbus barbus Male Age at sexual maturity 4-5 4.5 years
Barbus barbus Male Male sexual dimorphism Nuptial tubercules on head and sides Present
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Both sedentary and non-sedentary populations, for which a spawning migration occur : >10km per day 10.0 km
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Homing Homing is present Present
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June-Beginning of July and even April in southern region ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July']
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Starts at 13.5 13.5 °C
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning water type 28-43 cm:s No category
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters: 15-24 cm 19.5 m
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : gravels or pebbles 4-20 mm Lithophils
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Kind of, females dig a depression in the ground Susbtrate chooser
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition During the day but avoid high light intensity : mainly during morning and then end of the day, and also during the night : 2-3 hours after darkness Day
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Mating system One female and two males but a sex-ratio of 50:1 for males on the spawning grounds Polyandry
Barbus barbus Spawning conditions Spawning release Female reseased 50 egg and up to 280 releases during 10-11 hours No category
Carassius auratus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-1.7 1.6 mm
Carassius auratus Egg Incubation time 8 [20°C] 8.0 days
Carassius auratus Egg Temperature for incubation 20°C 20.0 °C
Carassius auratus Egg Degree-days for incubation 100-160 130.0 °C * day
Carassius auratus Larvae Initial larval size 4 4.0 mm
Carassius auratus Female Relative fecundity 160-200 180.0 thousand eggs/kg
Carassius auratus Female Maximum GSI value 30 30.0 percent
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning season Mid-March until End of June ['March', 'June']
Carassius auratus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 16-17 16.5 °C
Carassius carassius Egg Oocyte diameter 1-1.5 1.25 mm
Carassius carassius Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhere to submerged plants Adhesive
Carassius carassius Egg Incubation time 3-7 5.0 days
Carassius carassius Larvae Initial larval size 4 4.0 mm
Carassius carassius Female Age at sexual maturity From 2 to 4 according to latitudes 2.0 year
Carassius carassius Female Length at sexual maturity 11-13 12.0 cm
Carassius carassius Female Weight at sexual maturity 0.085-0.100 0.09 kg
Carassius carassius Female Relative fecundity 150-240 195.0 thousand eggs/kg
Carassius carassius Female Oocyte development Non-synchronous maturation No category
Carassius carassius Female Maximum GSI value About 20% 20.0 percent
Carassius carassius Male Male sexual dimorphism Male bears nuptial tubercules over the head, opercules, and first rays of pectoral fins Present
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning season May-June, April-June [Southern Region] ['April', 'May', 'June']
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 15-20 17.5 °C
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phytophilous : submerged plants Phytophils
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Preferentially during the morning Day
Carassius carassius Spawning conditions Spawning release Fractionnal spawner : 4 to 5 spawning during a period of 10-15 days [Polycycle] No category
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Egg size after water-hardening 1.7-2.9 [Not specified] 2.3 mm
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Incubation time 10-30 20.0 days
Chondrostoma nasus Egg Degree-days for incubation 100-250 175.0 °C * day
Chondrostoma nasus Larvae Larvae behaviour Benthic, remains in the grounds Demersal
Chondrostoma nasus Larvae Reaction to light Newly hatched larvae are strongly photophobic Photophobic
Chondrostoma nasus Female Age at sexual maturity 4-7 5.5 year
Chondrostoma nasus Female Absolute fecundity 50-100 75.0 thousand eggs
Chondrostoma nasus Female Oocyte development Synchronous Synchronous
Chondrostoma nasus Female Onset of oogenesis Sexual maturation starts in Autumn and ends in March ['March', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Chondrostoma nasus Female Intensifying oogenesis activity Sexual maturation starts in Autumn and ends in March ['March', 'October', 'November', 'December']
Chondrostoma nasus Male Age at sexual maturity 3-6 4.5 years
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning migration distance Small distances from the main river to tributaries No data
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning season March-May but even in February [Southern region] ['February', 'March', 'April', 'May']
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration Seems to be short : 3-4 days 3.5 weeks
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 8-9 up to 11 8.5 °C
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning water type Grounds with current : 1m/s Flowing or turbulent water
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow: about 0.20-0.50 m 0.35 m
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Lithophil : stones and gravels of 10 cm of diameter Lithophils
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are released in small quantities No category
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous Iteroparous
Chondrostoma nasus Spawning conditions Parental care No No category
Chondrostoma toxostoma Egg Oocyte diameter 1.75-2.2 [Not specified] 1.98 mm
Chondrostoma toxostoma Female Age at sexual maturity 4 4.0 year
Chondrostoma toxostoma Female Absolute fecundity 7-15 11.0 thousand eggs
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning season April ['April']
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 9-11 10.0 °C
Chondrostoma toxostoma Spawning conditions Spawning water type Water with current Flowing or turbulent water
Ctenopharyngodon idella Egg Egg size after water-hardening 4.2-5 4.6 mm
Ctenopharyngodon idella Egg Egg Buoyancy Pelagic Pelagic
Ctenopharyngodon idella Egg Incubation time 34-38 hours [24°] and 16-20 hours [28-30°C] 36.0 days
Ctenopharyngodon idella Egg Degree-days for incubation 34-38 DD: 34-38 hours [24°] and 16-20 hours [28-30°C] 36.0 °C * day
Ctenopharyngodon idella Larvae Initial larval size 5.2 5.2 mm
Ctenopharyngodon idella Larvae Larvae behaviour Pelagic and could derive Pelagic
Ctenopharyngodon idella Female Age at sexual maturity 4-5 4.5 year
Ctenopharyngodon idella Female Absolute fecundity 100-900 500.0 thousand eggs
Ctenopharyngodon idella Male Age at sexual maturity 3-4 3.5 years
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning season April until August ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 20-25 22.5 °C
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning water type Slow current, sides of river Flowing or turbulent water
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shalllow waters No data
Ctenopharyngodon idella Spawning conditions Spawning release Multiple spawning Multiple
Cyprinus carpio Egg Oocyte diameter 1.2-1.86 1.53 mm
Cyprinus carpio Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Cyprinus carpio Egg Incubation time 4-5 4.5 days
Cyprinus carpio Egg Degree-days for incubation 70 70.0 °C * day
Cyprinus carpio Larvae Initial larval size 4.5-5 4.75 mm
Cyprinus carpio Larvae Larvae behaviour First fixed on aquatic plants then free Demersal
Cyprinus carpio Female Age at sexual maturity 3 3.0 year
Cyprinus carpio Female Relative fecundity 80-150 115.0 thousand eggs/kg
Cyprinus carpio Female Oocyte development Asynchronous Asynchronous
Cyprinus carpio Female Maximum GSI value 20-30 25.0 percent
Cyprinus carpio Male Age at sexual maturity 2 2.0 years
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning season May-July [March-August] ['March', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 20-22 21.0 °C
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Phytophil : aquatic plants Phytophils
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Nycthemeral period of oviposition Dawn and less in dusk Dawn
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Mating system One female and several males Polyandry
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Spawning release Eggs are released in two or three times over a period of 10-14 days No category
Cyprinus carpio Spawning conditions Parity Iteroparous Iteroparous
Gobio gobio Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2 1.75 mm
Gobio gobio Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive Adhesive
Gobio gobio Egg Incubation time 5-6 at 20°C 5.5 days
Gobio gobio Egg Temperature for incubation 20°C 20.0 °C
Gobio gobio Egg Degree-days for incubation 125.0 125.0 °C * day
Gobio gobio Larvae Initial larval size 4-5 4.5 mm
Gobio gobio Female Age at sexual maturity 3 3.0 year
Gobio gobio Female Length at sexual maturity 8-10 9.0 cm
Gobio gobio Female Relative fecundity 180-849 514.5 thousand eggs/kg
Gobio gobio Female Absolute fecundity 4.8-20.8 [Great Britain] and 0.5-3 [France] 12.8 thousand eggs
Gobio gobio Female Oocyte development Asynchronous Asynchronous
Gobio gobio Female Maximum GSI value 23-28.6 25.8 percent
Gobio gobio Male Age at sexual maturity 2 2.0 years
Gobio gobio Male Male sexual dimorphism Bears nuptial tubercules Present
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May to June-July and Mid-August ['April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August']
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 4-8 6.0 weeks
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning temperature Ovulation requires a temperature of 16-17 [Optimum 20°C] 16.5 °C
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning water type Slow-flowing current : 10 to 80 cm/s Flowing or turbulent water
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning depth Shallow waters No data
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Psmanophile: sand, pebbles and small pebbles but sometimes aquatic plants Phytophils
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation No No category
Gobio gobio Spawning conditions Spawning release 1000 to 5000 eggs are released each time, and 8-15 days between each spawning and four spawning duraing the season No category
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Egg Egg Buoyancy Semi-pelagic and derive to the downstream Pelagic
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Egg Incubation time 14-17 hour at 28-30°C 15.5 days
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Egg Temperature for incubation 28-30 29.0 °C
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 25 25.0 °C
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Spawning conditions Spawning water type River with stroung current Flowing or turbulent water
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Spawning conditions Spawning depth Near the bottom of river No data
Leucaspius delineatus Egg Oocyte diameter 1-1.4 1.2 mm
Leucaspius delineatus Egg Incubation time 5-6 [22-24°C], 6-7 [21°C] 5.5 days
Leucaspius delineatus Egg Temperature for incubation 22-24 23.0 °C
Leucaspius delineatus Egg Degree-days for incubation 110-145 127.5 °C * day
Leucaspius delineatus Larvae Initial larval size 4-4.5 4.25 mm
Leucaspius delineatus Larvae Larvae behaviour Pelagic, highly active near the surface Pelagic
Leucaspius delineatus Female Absolute fecundity 0.6-2.3 1.45 thousand eggs
Leucaspius delineatus Female Oocyte development Asynchronous Asynchronous
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning season April-May and July-August ['April', 'May', 'July', 'August']
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning period duration 4-5 4.5 weeks
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning temperature 15-24 19.5 °C
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning substrate Around aquatic plants Phytophils
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning site preparation Rudimentary nest No category
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Spawning release Fractionnal spawner : 3 spawns or five generations of ovocytes released by batch of 20-30 Multiple
Leucaspius delineatus Spawning conditions Parental care Eggs are guarded by the male Male parental care
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Oocyte diameter 1.5-2 [Not specified] 1.75 mm
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Egg adhesiveness Adhesive, stick to plants and rocks Adhesive
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Incubation time 4 at 15°C 4.0 days
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Temperature for incubation 15 15.0 °C
Leuciscus cephalus Egg Degree-days for incubation 60-80 70.0 °C * day
Leuciscus cephalus Larvae Initial larval size 5.5-6.5 6.0 mm
Leuciscus cephalus Female Age at sexual maturity 3 but sometimes 5-8 6.5 year
Leuciscus cephalus Female Relative fecundity 45 45.0 thousand eggs/kg
Leuciscus cephalus Female Absolute fecundity 20-100 60.0 thousand eggs
Leuciscus cephalus